Orhan Gazi Life Story, Detailed Real History Of Orhan Ghazi :
Who is Orhan Gazi? Orhan Gazi or Orhan Bey (Ottoman Turkish,1281, Söğüt – March 1362, Bursa), the second sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
The childhood and youth of Orhan Bey, the longest-lived of the Osmanoğulları, are unknown. It is not known how he was brought up, how he was educated, or even whether he was literate.
The first mention of his name in Ottoman history was due to his marriage to Nilüfer Hatun (Daughter of Yarhisar Tekfuru Holofira) in 1298. It was found in the conquest of Köprühisar in 1300 and Karacahisar was given as a border principality.
Osman Bey appointed his son as the commander of the small principality army with the rank of emir-i kebir (beylerbeyi) and participated in every military action of his father after that.
The first Ottoman historians such as Aşıkpaşazade, Oruç Bey, Nesri and, according to the traditionally accepted narrative, the notables of the Principality and Osman Bey's children held a meeting after Osman Bey's death; At this meeting, Orhan Bey suggested that his brother Alaaddin be Bey, but Alaaddin did not accept this and stated that due to his brother Orhan's military achievements, he considered his younger brother Orhan fit for the throne of the Principality, as the dignitaries saw fit, and Orhan ascended the throne.
Conquests in Anatolia :
The first period of Orhan Bey's principality years passed with conquests in Anatolia. During his principality, like all other Anatolian principalities, he counted the Ilkhanids established in Iran and continued to pay annual taxes. On the other hand, the Ottoman Principality gained more power with the raids and conquests on the Byzantine lands.
Orhan Bey conquered Mudanya in 1321 and brought his principality to the shores of the Sea of Marmara. He built a mosque named after himself in Gebze in 1323. Until 1321 and 1326, the Ottoman principality troops were dispatched to the borders of the principality under the command of the Gazi commanders;
Konur Alp raided around the Western Black Sea region, around Akça Koca İzmit, and around Abdurrahman Gazi Yalova (Yalakabad), in Yalova, Akyazı, Mudurnu, Pazaryeri (Armenipazarı), Sapanca (Ayanggöl), Kandıra,
For this reason, Orhan Bey directed his principality to the conquest of neighboring Turkmen principalities, which was a new strategy in the 1340s.
Who Was Orhan Gazi | History Of Orhan Ghazi
First of all, Orhan Bey occupied the castles of Ulubad, Karacabey (Mihaliç) and Mustafakemalpaşa (Kırmastı) in 1342 due to the conflict between Demirhan Bey and Dursun Bey, who were in a fight for the rulership in the Karesi Principality. Not content with this, he embarked on the Karesi Expedition in 1345 with a significant military force. These two quarreling gentlemen were trapped in Bergama; Dursun Bey died during the siege; Demirhan Bey was taken as a prisoner. Thus, the large lands belonging to the Karesi Principality and the cities of Balıkesir, Manyas, Edincik and Erdek passed under the rule of Orhan Bey.
Then the raids started in Central Anatolia. These raids resulted in the capture of Orhan Bey in 1354, in Gerede and the Ankara castles, the center of the Akhis, which had been supporting the Ottomans since their establishment.
For this reason, Orhan Bey directed his principality to the conquest of neighboring Turkmen principalities, which was a new strategy in the 1340s.
First of all, Orhan Bey occupied the castles of Ulubad, Karacabey (Mihaliç) and Mustafakemalpaşa (Kırmastı) in 1342 due to the conflict between Demirhan Bey and Dursun Bey, who were in a fight for the rulership in the Karesi Principality. Not content with this, he embarked on the Karesi Expedition in 1345 with a significant military force.
These two quarreling gentlemen were trapped in Bergama; Dursun Bey died during the siege; Demirhan Bey was taken as a prisoner. Thus, the large lands belonging to the Karesi Principality and the cities of Balıkesir, Manyas, Edincik and Erdek passed under the rule of Orhan Bey.
Then the raids started in Central Anatolia. These raids resulted in the capture of Orhan Bey in 1354, in Gerede and the Ankara castles, the center of the Akhis, which had been supporting the Ottomans since their establishment.
Innovations and regulations in the field of State :
Orhan Bey made the Ottoman Principality a state thanks to new laws and regulations. The appointment of a vizier for the first time was made in this period. The first kadi and subaşı appointments were made in this period. Kadis were sent to the sanjaks. The Divan Organization was established. A foundation system and a judicial organization were established.
In the field of military service :
The first regular Ottoman army was established as a pedestrian and a musellem. The first naval works were carried out and the Ottoman Empire strengthened its power.
In the field of Commerce and Economy :
Orhan Gazi issued the first Specialization Law with 21 articles, which is the oldest commercial law of the Ottomans, in Bursa, after the first Bac law, which his father Osman Gazi had enacted in Eskişehir around 699/1300.
In this small code, which also contains the core of some of the articles in the later İhtisab law codes, besides the articles that determine the Bac amounts to be paid by the people of Bursa and the shops, there are also some criteria for determining the operating and production standards of wine sellers, tinsmiths and bath operators for the first time. given.
In the code, the price of 2 maple bac determined by Osman Gazi in the Bac Law was preserved; The existence of units of measurement such as "kinder", "lidre" (pound) at that time and the classes of tradesmen in Bursa during Orhan Bey's time are also presented as important historical data.
Orhan Gazi last years and death :
Orhan Gazi spent his life in Bursa, leaving the administration of the Ottoman Empire to his son, Prince Murat in his last years.
There is disagreement among historians about the cause and year of death. Âşıkpaşazâde, the historian of his time, writes that Orhan Bey died in 1358, the same year as Süleyman Bey.
Some historians report that he died in 1360 when he was 79 years old, and others state that he died in 1362. Orhan Bey was buried in his father's tomb in Gümüşlü Kümbet in Bursa.
Family Of Orhan Gazi:
Spouses
1. Asporça Hatun - Byzantine Emperor III. Daughter of Andronikos, mother of Şehzade İbrahim and Fatma Hatun.
2. Nilüfer Hatun - daughter of Yarhisar Tekfur, mother of Murat I, Süleyman Gazi and Şehzade Kasım.
3. Theodora Kantakuzini - Byzantine Emperor VI. Daughter of Yannis Kantakouzenos, mother of Şehzade Halil.
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